It is estimated that more than 7% of Canadians over the age of 20 suffer from diabetes (including undiagnosed cases).
Type 2 diabetes, the most common form of the disease, is on the rise - to the point of becoming an international health concern. Long associated with old age, this type of diabetes is becoming increasingly prevalent among young people, including teens and even children.
The World Health Organization estimates that by 2025, the number of cases worldwide will be 225% higher than in 1995.
Types of diabetes
The human body needs insulin to convert the sugar in food into energy (glucose). Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose so that they can sustain vital functions. Insulin acts as a "bridge", allowing glucose to enter cells. Diabetes affects the production of insulin in various ways:
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Type 1 diabetes (approximately 10% of cases)
The body produces insufficient levels of insulin or no insulin at all. It is normally diagnosed before the age of 30, most often during childhood or adolescence.
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Type 2 diabetes (approximately 90% of cases)
The body has difficulty producing or effectively using insulin.
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Gestational diabetes (2% to 4% of pregnancies)
A temporary condition occurring in 2% to 4% of pregnancies. The body is unable to use insulin properly. Although this form of diabetes generally resolves after delivery, both mother and child are at a higher risk of developing the disease in the future.
High blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes
According to Health Canada, up to 60% of people with undiagnosed diabetes have high blood pressure, and over 40% of diabetics have elevated cholesterol levels.
If you have high blood pressure or high cholesterol, talk to your physician about getting tested for diabetes.